First Image of Earth’s ‘Quasi-Moon’ Captured by Chinese Spacecraft Following 13-Month Journey

A recent image of a small asteroid, characterised as a “quasi-moon,” has been revealed following the successful arrival of China’s Tianwen-2 spacecraft. This mission, which aimed to explore 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, was initiated after a 13-month journey, highlighting significant advancements in space exploration.

The term quasi-moon refers to objects that orbit the Sun but are in close proximity to Earth, creating the appearance of an orbit around our planet. The latest photo was captured by Tianwen-2 shortly after it reached its target, Kamoʻoalewa, on 4 July 2023. Discovered in 2016, this asteroid is of particular interest to scientists due to its size and location.

The primary goal of the Tianwen-2 mission is to retrieve approximately 100 grams of surface samples from Kamoʻoalewa and return them to Earth by 2027. As of 6 July 2023, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) confirmed that the spacecraft is located around 20 kilometres from the asteroid. This proximity will allow for more detailed scientific research into the asteroid’s physical properties.

Upon completion of its objectives at Kamoʻoalewa, Tianwen-2 is scheduled to depart the asteroid in April 2027. The spacecraft’s return capsule is anticipated to reach Earth by November of the same year, with a subsequent gravity-assist manoeuvre planned to direct it towards comet 311P/PANSTARRS, expected to arrive in January 2035.

The name “Tianwen,” which translates to “heavenly questions,” reflects the mission’s exploratory ambitions. The CNSA has indicated that future phases of the mission will focus on more intricate scientific investigations. This will involve gathering data on the asteroid’s shape, material composition, and internal structure, which are crucial for future sampling and potential missions.

Currently, Earth hosts seven recognised quasi-moons, in addition to an undetermined number of smaller “minimoons” and transient objects sometimes referred to as “ghost moons.” The presence of these quasi-moons presents an exciting opportunity for scientific exploration due to their relatively small size and accessibility compared to other asteroids.

Kamoʻoalewa derives its name from a Hawaiian chant, Kumulipo, indicating its celestial movement. The University of Hawaii has noted that the name signifies an object in an oscillating trajectory, aptly reflecting its orbit as perceived from Earth. This unique classification of quasi-moons adds to the allure and potential for continued astronomical research.

In a notable development, a new quasi-moon named 2025 PN7 was discovered in August 2025 at the Pan-STARRS observatory in Hawaii. This asteroid will orbit Earth until 2083 and is believed to have been in this trajectory for approximately 59 years. Such discoveries amplify the growing interest in monitoring these celestial bodies, which have opened up new avenues for space exploration.

The Tianwen-2 mission exemplifies China’s commitment to advancing its capabilities in space exploration. By focusing on these accessible quasi-moons, researchers can obtain vital data that could inform both planetary science and potential future missions as humanity explores further into our solar system. As missions like this progress, they will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of asteroids and their potential roles in space exploration.